![]() Homeric Greek lacks the quantitative metathesis present in later Greek (except in certain α-stem genitive plurals and certain masculine α-stem genitive singulars): Third declension Accusative singular: ends in -ιν, as well as -ιδα. Second declension Genitive singular: ends in -οιο, as well as -ου. The dative plural almost always ends in -ῃσι(ν) or -ῃς: πύλῃσιν for Attic πύλαις. The genitive singular of masculine nouns ends in -ᾱο or -εω (rarely - only after vowels -ω), rather than -ου: Ἀτρεΐδᾱο for Attic Ἀτρείδου. Some masculine nouns have a nominative singular in short -ᾰ rather than -ης ( ναύτης, Ἀτρεΐδης): ἱππότᾰ for Attic ἱππότης. However, θεᾱ́ and some names end in long -ᾱ. Nouns First declension The nominative singular of most feminine nouns ends in -η, rather than long -ᾱ, even after ρ, ε, and ι (an Ionic feature): χώρη for χώρᾱ. Homeric Greek is like Ionic Greek, and unlike Classical Attic, in shifting almost all cases of long ᾱ to η.Įxceptions include nouns like θεᾱ́ ("a goddess"), and the genitive plural of first-declension nouns and the genitive singular of masculine first-declension nouns.įor example θεᾱ́ων ("of goddesses"), and Ἀτρεΐδᾱο ("of the son of Atreus"). Omitted forms can usually be predicted from patterns seen in Ionic Greek. In the following description, only forms that differ from those of later Greek are discussed. Compositions in Epic Greek may date from as late as the 5th century CE, and it only fell out of use by the end of classical antiquity. ![]() ![]() ![]() It was later named Epic Greek because it was used as the language of epic poetry, typically in dactylic hexameter, by poets such as Hesiod and Theognis of Megara. It is a literary dialect of Ancient Greek consisting mainly of Ionic, with some Aeolic forms, a few from Arcadocypriot, and a written form influenced by Attic. Homeric Greek is the form of the Greek language that was used in the Iliad, Odyssey, and Homeric Hymns. ![]()
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